To Kill A Mockingbird Theme Analysis - 1398 Words

Gail Sheehy once said, â€Å"If we don’t change, we don’t grow up. If we don’t grow, we aren’t really living.† Losing something close to us is the key to growing up, and Scout, the protagonist in To Kill A Mockingbird, is one of those characters. Scout and several other characters in the novel lose their innocence as they begin to see the prejudice and racism of the 1930’s South. All of these characters were innocent and unaware of what Maycomb was, and their innocence was taken away from them because of that. In To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee relates the theme of growing up and loss of innocence. One of the ways Harper Lee relates to the theme is through mood and tone. Harper Lee wrote the book divided into two parts: Part One†¦show more content†¦This is similar to how kids and even small pets get into small things out of curiosity, things that are often kept away from them. Scout, Jem, and Dill were acting like normal kids and they didn’t worry about racism or any of the events that was going on in the town. Scout goes around with her brother, Jem, and her neighbor Dill as they figure out more about Boo Radley. Overall the mood is very exciting and vivid in Part 1 of To Kill A Mockingbird. Harper Lee shows the change in growing up in Part 2 of To Kill A Mockingbird. In Part 2, the chapters are written darker and are more intense than Part 1. During these chapters Scout and Jem have to deal with the racism in town of Maycomb as the Tom Robinson case begins. One of the ways Harper Lee shows the intensity of Part 2 is in the scene where the mob shows up at the courthouse. â€Å"...I glanced around and discovered that these men were strangers. They were not the people I saw last night ...I had leaped triumphantly into a ring of people I have never seen before† (Lee 152). This shows that Scout didn’t know what she was getting into, she didn’t know that the mob was there to kill Tom Robinson. The way Scout jumped into the stand out with the mob and didn’t know anything about what was happening is similar to children when they try to join into adult conversations. The mood of the whole situation here is suspenseful and almost frightening becauseShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Theme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1765 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Of Themes In To Kill A Mockingbird The novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, published in 1960, comes out during a flourishing time of tremendous segregation and injustices in the United States. In fact, during this time in America, Civil Rights Movement are at their peak; also, some residents are pushing for equality for all, during this time period. One of those United States citizens who is exposing the South for what it truly is, is Harper Lee. Harper Lee, born on April 28, 1926Read MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird Theme Analysis/Essay1901 Words   |  8 PagesHarper Lee’s novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, is a realistic story that deeply discusses issues involved with the 1930’s that still resonate today. The struggles of life are evident within the believable characters of Maycomb County which is a microcosm, reflective of universal issues. Along with the authentic characters, setting and style also helps to convey Lee’s controversial notions of racial and gender prejudice, and persecution of t he innocent, discussing many other ideas within. Lee commentsRead MoreTheme Of To Kill A Mockingbird1699 Words   |  7 PagesPureness of Mockingbirds In 1960, Harper Lee published one of the most controversial books of our time. To kill a mockingbird contains three debatable themes; racism, good and evil, and morals. Harper Lee uses three children and rape trial to portray these topics. These themes are present throughout the story of a small Alabama town divided over a rape trial including an African American man and a young white girl. Lee’s novel is still disputed over to this day. One of the book’s central themes is theRead MoreTo Kill a Mockingbird977 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis for To Kill a Mockingbird â€Å"There’s something in our world that makes men lose their heads- they couldn’t be fair if they tried. In our courts, when it’s a white man’s word against a black man’s word, the white always wins. They’re ugly, but these are the facts of life.† ************ Along with the main theme of the story, racism, there are multiple other themes that are represented in the story. These include: the coexistence of good and evil, and importance of mortal educationRead MoreThe Setting Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1354 Words   |  6 PagesLiterary Analysis Name: Amy Lyons Title: To Kill a Mockingbird Author: Harper Lee Setting: The setting of To Kill a Mockingbird is a small town in south Alabama called Maycomb County in the early 1930s. Point of View: Harper Lee s first, only novel is written in first person due to the fact we see the whole story through Scout s perspective. Theme: One of the crucial themes that Lee based the novel on was racism, which was an extremely controversial topic at the time the book was publishedRead MoreRacism And Critical Disposition Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1415 Words   |  6 PagesAn Analysis of Racism and Critical Disposition in Maycomb County Racism was a tremendous issue in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. It was applied throughout the novel and was increasingly used to judge others in Maycomb’s society. Racism was revealed through the novel to characters Jem, Scout, and Dill who were young children that were learning about the good and evil in the small town they lived in. Racism was a constant and significant topic. There were many aspects that contributed to racismRead MoreA Time to Kill and to Kill a Mockingbird1314 Words   |  6 PagesGrishams A Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grishams adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the movies more prominent themes are the sameRead More Comparing the Movies A Time to Kill, by John Grisham and To Kill a Mockingbird1285 Words   |  6 PagesA Time to Kill is a Hollywoodized, modern-day version of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both movies employ many of the same themes and plot elements; but the former movie is one-dimensional and predictable while the latter is innovative and purposeful. The movie version of Harper Lees novel To Kill a Mockingbird is considered a classic film, whereas John Grisham?s adapted novel is merely another example of the money making efforts of Hollywood. Some of the movies more prominent themes are the sameRead MoreHarper Lee s Novel Of The Same Title896 Words   |  4 Pagesserved as depictions of our society. They have been mirrors reflecting upon us what we are, what we would like to be, and how we view ourselves. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† is in fact a classic film that does just that. Directed by Robert Mulligan, this film was based on Harper Lee’s novel of the same title. The screenplay by Horton Foote, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird is both a coming of age story of three young children, told from the perspective of Scout as she reflects upon an important court case involvingRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards bl acks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectively

The Fault in Our Stars Essay - 982 Words

â€Å"The fault, dear Brutus, is not in our stars, / But in ourselves, that we are underlings.† (Act 1. Scene 2. Julius Caesar.) This pensive line was the inspiration behind the title of John Green’s work of fiction, The Fault in Our Stars. The novel follows young Hazel Grace Lancaster, a stage 4 thyroid cancer patient, who makes the acquaintance of Augustus Waters one fateful day at Support Group. Throughout the novel, Hazel Grace takes not only a physical journey but an emotional one. The ups and downs of Hazel’s journey are penned by John Green with a substantial amount of metaphors as well as the supporting characters playing a significant part. Set in present day Indianapolis, and later Amsterdam, The Fault in Our Stars is a complex†¦show more content†¦Also, Isaac from Support Group is a strong supporting character. He is Augustus’ best friend and the reason Gus and Hazel even met in the first place. Isaac also became a way for the reader to glimpse the story from a different perspective. One in which love conquers all, despite anything and everything. Next is Mr. Peter Van Houten. Mr. Van Houten, author of Hazel’s favorite book, An Imperial Affliction, is a complex character who also played a fundamental part. Hazel initially felt that Mr. Van Houten was the only person who understood how she felt. After meeting him, she witnesses his true colours. Van Houten is nothing more than an angry drunk who became consumed by grief. Hazel realizes she doesn’t want to turn into him so she makes the conscious decision that she’ll be better than him. Finally, Mr. and Mrs. Lancaster were always supportive of their daughter through her trials and managed to be completely honest with her about the reality of things. John Green is truly a gifted writer. There are various images that can be read symbolically and metaphorically. Most of them are water metaphors. Augustus Waters, Hazel having water in her lungs, a drowning city, and the color blue. These are noteworthy metaphors which I believe are stemmed from the fact that water is both a destructive force and one which we thrive on for life. Furthermore, various other non-water related metaphors are scribed in the novel along with moreShow MoreRelatedThe Fault Of Our Stars1164 Words   |  5 PagesThe title of the story I read for my book report is called, The Fault in our stars. The genre of this book is young adult fiction. The story s setting occurs in Indianapolis. There are multiple places in Indianapolis that certain events take place. Some take place at the church, Hazel s home, Augustus home, and even at high school. The date that this story was released was June 6th, 2014. The foremost character of the story was named Hazel Grace Lancaster. She is a sixteen-year-old girl. HazelRead MoreThe Fault in Our Stars643 Words   |  3 PagesThe Fault in Our Stars Is suffering necessary in our daily lives? Why do we have to suffer, why is it a part of our lives? These questions were always in the back of my mind while reading the novel The Fault in Our Stars. It is a tragic love story about two teenagers, who are both cancer recipients and their journey to falling in love. The two protagonists were constantly dealing with the theme of suffering. In the novel, the author John Green uses his protagonists Hazel Grace Lancaster and AugustusRead MoreSymbolism In The Fault In Our Stars1014 Words   |  5 PagesJust Heart Disease†¦, Chapter 24 -- ...And Rarely Just Illness Death is very frequent in real life and in literature. Mainly when it comes to diseases like cancer. Diseases are a way to drive a plot, link in a theme and draw in symbolism. In The Fault in Our Stars, one of the main characters ,Augustus Waters, lost his leg to a bone type cancer. Even with successful treatment, his cancer still manages to get worse and unfortunately leading him to his death. His death is reflective of the principles governingRead MoreIn the Fault of Our Stars Essay638 Words   |  3 Pagesside effect of cancer. Depression is a side effect of dying† (Green 3). John Green implements many aspect of his experience at the Children’s hospital and his encounter with Esther Earl as a reflection of Hazel’s life through the book â€Å"The Fault in Our Stars.† John Green’s experience at the Children’s hospital changed his life around. â€Å"Watching children die had a profound effect on John Green’s life† in a positive way because it â€Å"convinced him to abandon his vocation to be a Christian ministerRead MoreThe Fault in Our Stars by John Green624 Words   |  3 PagesOptimism is an emotion that inspires hopefulness and confidence about the future. Optimism propels people and novels forward. Optimism is a driving force in the novel â€Å"Lord of The Flies† by William Golding and the novel â€Å"The Fault in Our Stars† by John Green. In the novel â€Å"Lord of the Flies†,one of the most important emotions is optimism. Without optimism the boys would have no hope that they would make it off the island. At the start of the novel things are not going the boys way, their planeRead MoreThe Fault Of Our Stars By John Green1502 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fault in Our Stars, published by John Green in January 2012 is a professional, fictional narration of a sixteen year old girl named Hazel Grace Lancaster and her experience with terminal cancer. Hazel was prepared to die until a surgery followed by radiation and chemo at age fourteen shrunk her tumours and bought her a few more years of life. Hazel has a poor outlook on her remaining years with terminal cancer, she does not wish to form any close bonds due to the fact she is afraid of the impactRead MoreBook Report: Fault in Our Stars1243 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fault in Our Stars The Fault in Our Stars is a novel written by John Green. This book was published in 2012 by â€Å"The Penguin Group† with 313 pages. The Fault in Our Stars is a work of fiction, everyone/everything is this book is made up by the author’s imagination. â€Å"The Fault in Our Stars† is a #1 New York Times Bestseller, award winning, and motion picture romance. The reader will follow Hazel and Augustus as these extraordinary teenagers go on a journey that soon turns into a long lasting relationshipRead MoreAnalysis Of The Novel The Fault In Our Stars873 Words   |  4 PagesHazel Grace Lancaster is the narrator and protagonist of the immensely successful novel, The Fault in Our Stars, which is written by the prestigious author, John Green. The Fault in Our Stars follows Hazel, who is a teenage girl living with Thyroid Cancer. Throughout the course of the story, Hazel Grace Lancaster grows immensely as an individual. The reader can see her growth as well. By the end o f the novel she learns that there is a life worth living despite her illness, that her illness does notRead MoreThe Fault Of Our Stars By John Green1023 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fault in Our Stars is a book written by John Green. This book has many themes like love for the ways that Hazel and Augustus treat one another. There is courage for the way that these teenagers battle cancer and are brave while doing it. Also, another theme is family for the way that Hazel and Augustus’s parents love them, support them, and comfort them with every decision that they make. The main characters in this book are Hazel Grace Lancaster, the narrator of the book who has cancer and knowsRead MoreThe Fault Of Our Stars By John Green2013 Words   |  9 PagesIn his novel, The Fault in Our Stars, John Green describes the hardships, endless love, and a tragedy, that two teenagers must push through to find their forever. Hazel Lancaster, an intelligent, aware, and selfless young girl, has struggled with cancer since the early age of thirteen. Augustus Waters, a smart, metaphor loving, cancer stricken kid, falls completely in love with Hazel Grace, but a great misfortune cuts their time together short. â€Å"Some infinities are bigger than other infinities (Green

Service Operations and Marketing for Business- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theService Operations and Marketing for Global Business. Answer: Introduction The purpose of this business report is to critically analyze a case study of Australian Premium Produce. This is one of the major companies in Australia that have operated locally for a period of five years. Just like any other objective oriented business enterprise, Bentley Beverage Services was able to expand business operation from local business operations to international business level[1]. Initially, the company was producing products such as food as well as alcoholic drinks to different parts of Australia. This was just a local business operation where the company operated as a main wholesaler. In that connection, many local business operators have a motive and a desire to expand the operations of the business to a wider markets. This is driven by desire to generate more profits as well as offering goods and services in areas where a business gap have been spotted. Many companies that aim at moving from local to global business operation have applied various strategies that ha ve enabled them to achieve competitive advantage at global level[2]. In that case, the idea of re-badging Bentley Beverage Services as Australian Premium Produce can be classified as a good strategy in this particular business operation. When a business enterprise decide to shift from local operations to global operations, there are many factors that need to be factored in so as to fully initiate a progressive operation. The facts that Australian Premium Produce expanded it markets for products to other states and territories, then a lot of issues were to be considered so as to sustain the business in both short run and long run business growth and development[3]. It also involved shifting from contractual situations to BYOD situations. From such kind of business growth, a quality mobility and accurate data are very necessary so as to maintain upward trends in business growth and development of Australian Premium Produce. As a business consultant, I wish to apply by skills and expertise so as to offer a detailed and comprehensive recommendations and advice to Australian Premium Produce. This will assist the company to solve all the issues associated to shifting business operations from local levels to global levels. In that connection, this business report will be implemented by Australian Premium Produce so as to achieve the short term and long term objectives of the business[4]. Finally, the report will form a benchmark on strategies to solve business operations by critically analyzing the following issues concerning Australian Premium Produce case study. Data requirement by customer representatives such as inventory levels, pricing and location. Information concerning currency, warehouses holding stock and management of orders This section aim at considering business processes and management necessary for the purpose of addressing the aspects of data needed by customer representatives, currency, warehousing and management of orders. By laying down the advice on these particular foundations, then Australian Premium Produce will be in a better position to address the issues at hand. Data required by customer representatives The importance of data in any business operations cannot be ignored in any way. Data concerning business processes need to be gathered in a way that offers the solutions to the underlying problems[5]. Data appropriateness and accuracy need to be considered in the operations of the business. This will promote more market venture and generation of more profits from the sales of goods and services. Therefore, we aim at addressing the data concerning inventory levels, pricing and the location of the business. To start with, customer representatives need data on inventory levels. In this case, we can term the underlying inventories as stock of Australian Premium Produce. These inventory or simply stock need to be in manageable levels in terms of all the features of quality inventory[6]. In this case, the customer representatives need to have the following data on inventory levels. First, the quality of inventory. This is very important for sale of any products. In the market place, the rate at which inventories are consumed by customers and consumers is highly associated to the quality of stock offered by Australian Premium Produce. If the inventory is in good quality, then the customer representatives will have ease time to convince the customers and customers to buy the products. This will in that return increase the market sales of the products thus generating more profits for the business. The other aspect of inventory level quality is competition. The aim of any business in operation is to attain competitive advantage in the market place[7]. Therefore, customer representatives need these data so as to outdo the competitors. In case the quality of inventory under consideration ii not up to the desired qualities, then customer representative need to forward the trend of sales of the inventory to Australian Premium Produce management team for upgrade and for rebranding. On the case note, the quantity of inventory is important. Customer representatives need the data of quantity of inventory that can sustain the market for a given period of time. This will reduce cases of oversupply and undersupply in the market with regards to the demand from the consumers. Therefore, may advise to Australian Premium Produce on inventory levels is based on marketing strategy. Marketing strategy put into consideration the forces of demand and supply mechanisms[8]. Always make sure that the business maintain quality inventory levels so as to attract the customers and outdo the competi tors. Maintaining the market quantity of inventory levels ensures that the market is in equilibrium will proper prices of good as well as adequate supply of inventory levels to sustain the market. This data is important to customer representatives to avoid price fluctuations in the market and unnecessary supply in the market. Another data that customer representative may need in this scenario is pricing. A pricing process require a tactical consideration along with other pricing strategies[9]. The price of products offered by Australian Premium Produce need to be reasonable when venturing into new markets. This will be able to attract the consumers and tame them into future reliable customers. Again. On the same note, Australian Premium Produce need to take care of untrusted sales agents and customer representatives. This is because, a lot of complains have been reported from a similar case study on sales of products by sales agents and customer representatives. Some of these staffs then to sell the products at higher prices different from recommendations of the company management. They use the information inside the business for their personal gain. Therefore, customer representative need this data in the issue of pricing. Any attempt to conduct such act will be an offence based on insider trading. In th is case, the aspect of true governances will be implemented to maintain proper pricing of goods and products offered by Australian Premium Produce. Lastly on data, the issue of location need to be well established to customer representatives. The operations of the business need to venture in areas where high turnout of consumers will be located. There is need to reduce unnecessary expenses and costs that will result too insignificant sales of the products[10]. Therefore, consumer representatives need to research which location to venture o as to make more sales with reduction in the cost of venture. The main aim of a business is maximization and optimization of sales and profits. Again, the business aims at minimization of cost of operations. Thus, the location of the business should be reliable with potential customers and consumers. This will include urban centers with high population[11]. This location is very important since there is high likelihood of increase the customer threshold which may favor the growth and development of Australian Premium Produce in the future. Therefore, may advise on location is based on operation al aspects of business processes. Currency of information The modern trade is based on currency unlike the traditional barter trade. It is important to note that currency is affected by various aspects such as deflationary gaps and inflationary gaps. This king of information is very necessary in business operations and processes. Currency is highly affected by inflation[12]. Typically, inflation is a condition where there is too much money or currency in supply in the economy. In that case, the purchasing power of the currency lowers which is likely to affect business operations. Therefore, the company need to know when to hold currency as a liquid asset and when to hold it as a fixed assets. My advice on currency information for Australian Premium Produce is to hold money as fixed asset during inflation and as liquid cash during deflations[13]. This will help the company to reduce that problems associated to deflationary and inflationary gaps. This will assist in management of cash inflows and cash out flows in the business operations and processes. This will also assist the company to organize the resources during the different business cycles such as boom, recession, recovery and peak seasons. Stock Warehousing A warehouse is also known as silo in business terminology. This is a room where the stocks or inventories of a business enterprise are held for ready supply to the market once they arise. The issue of warehousing is very crucial for any business that need to operate both locally and globally.[14]For the case of Australian Premium Produce, the issue of warehouse holding stock may become a challenge bearing in mind that the company expanded the market for the products from local to global level. This implies that the quantity of stock that need to be kept ready of supply and shipment has increased significantly. The problem that arise from warehouse holding stocks is based on the costs for hiring the warehouses and complex legal procedures used to access a warehouse together with security and risks associated to holding stocks in a warehouse. First, the cost of hiring the warehouse is quite high which challenge the operations of Australian Premium Produce. Warehouses are charged highly due to competition by investors and scarcity of warehouses. Again, to secure a warehouse, the legal procedures followed may hinder the operations of the business[15]. There are documents that need to be provided when holding products in a warehouse and when collecting the products from the warehouse. In those documents are in question in any time of holding and collecting the products, then there could be delays that may affect the operations of the business. This may result to losses in case the products under consideration are perishable products. Another issue associated to warehousing is security of the products and stocks to be held in the warehouse[16]. This is because, a given warehouse may be used to store stocks for different clients which may expose the stock in to risks of mishandling. Therefore, my advice to Australian Premium P roduce is to ensure they reconsidered the type of ware house to use for their products. There are different types of warehouses that are offer for commercial services. They include government warehouses that are operated by government agents top offer warehousing services to the public[17]. There are public warehouse that are owned by the members of the public. These are less costly compared to government warehouses since not duty is included in the products. I this business report, the best warehouse to hold stock for Australian Premium Produce is private warehouse. The company need to build a private warehouse so as to mitigate all the negative issues associated to warehousing. A private warehouse is convenient to the company at any time of business operation. The security of the products is a guarantee where the risks of uncertainty are highly reduced[18]. In that case, the company can hold any quantity of stock desired unlike the public warehouse where there is a limit of quantity of stock to hold. Managing order completion The management of order completion is another very important aspect in this case study. In that case, the central system that will be incorporated for lodging orders must be reliable and accessible to the relevant offices. This will pave way forward to design a methodology that best fit the location for the products where huge sales will be generated[19]. The central system need to offer an alternative way to manage orders so as to have smooth completion. Thus my advice to Australian Premium Produce is to maintain a working central system for lodging orders along with manual backup to support the lodging of these orders in case of a technical problem in the central system. Business mobility and BYOD issues of security and risk It is important to note that the owner of any business can do anything that will support the operations of the business. The owner of the business is ready to commit all the necessary resources so as to motivate his business in the process of growth and development[20]. In that connection, the owner of Australian Premium Produce must commit the necessary resources so as to witness the appropriate mobility for this business as well as to commit resources to mitigate the issues of security and risks. Business mobility Australian Premium Produce need to design a reliable mobility of factors of production. There are four factors of production. They include land, labor, capital and entrepreneurship. Therefore, for Australian Premium Produce to have upward mobility in business growth and development, then, all these factors of production need to be factored in and need to be mobile as well[21]. The first factor of mobility is land. Land refers to the general area of operation under which the business is laid. In this case, Australian Premium Produce deals with food and alcoholic drinks. This implies that, there are certain plants that the company have set to produce these products. In terms of mobility, these areas are typically referred to land. Thus, since the company expanded the market to global level, there is need for mobility of land in production process. Australian Premium Produce need to expand more plants to other areas of operations. So my advice to Australian Premium Produce is to set mor e retrial outlets to other parts of the global where the business have been able to venture. In that case, the business will be able to generate the products from a closer plant rather than spending a lot of costs in warehousing and shipment of these products to international users[22]. There is need of devolution to be closer to the consumers. This will expand the company to other territorial boundaries. Other aspect of mobility is labour. It is very important for any business that need to enhance growth and development to recruit the best labour in terms of skills and expertise. Intensive labour will assist Australian Premium Produce to increase on quality and quantity of production. This is because, there will be innovation and creativity so as to satisfy the consumers lists of preference[23]. In this this, it implies that mobility of Australian Premium Produce will be achieved by capitalizing on intensive labour. This go along with proper wages, salaries and remunerations to the labour force so as to motivate them to achieve the set objectives of Australian Premium Produce. Another aspect of mobility is capital. This factor of production need to have mobility so as to expound on business operations. For any business to achieve the mobility in term of scale and scope of operations, then there is need to in put more capital in to the business operations and processes. Therefore, my advice to Australian Premium Produce is to commit more capital to the production process and marketing strategies[24]. This will involve reinvesting generated profits to the business. This will improve the scale and scope of business operation to a wider perspective in the global levels. Last nature of mobility is entrepreneurship as a factor of production. Mobility of entrepreneurship will assist Australian Premium Produce to reach more markets in the long run. The profits generated by the company will be reinvested[25]. The legal procedures required to expand the business an entrepreneurial scheme will not be subjected to complex legal formalities. This will favor Australian Premium Produce to a large extent. If all these factors of production are subjected to the mention mobility, then Australian Premium Produce will become a global company whose net worth of the business will in a position to sustain the company for a long period of time. BYOD issue Once Australian Premium Produce shifted from local to global operations, it was able to shift from contractual situation to BYOD situation. In that connection, there are two aspect that come along and need to be factored in in this business report. That is, security and risk. The facts that Australian Premium Produce expanded it markets for products to other states and territories, then a lot of issues were to be considered so as to sustain the business in both short run and long run business growth and development[26]. Among other factors that were embraced by the company were initiation of customer representatives who were to be situated to different areas of operations. It also involved shifting from contractual situations to BYOD situations. There is need to reconsider the issue of security and risks associate to the business operation a global level. There is the issue of security of products during the production process, warehousing and shipment to international markets[27]. In that connection, my advice to Australian Premium Produce is based on the fact that a lot of many more products from other investors from different business operations. The process to be used by all these investors will be similar. Therefore, to avoid the confrontations associated to this public mode of operation that may damage the stock and other programs, the best thing for Australian Premium Produce is to embrace privatization. This will reduces the insecurity related to damage of stocks and risks of uncertainty. Access to the applications by Australian Premium Produce staffs The fact that only a small number of staffs access the all the information including the accounting system is an issue that need to be addressed because a lot of implications can be associated to this particular decision. As a consultant, a have a privilege of analyzing different scenarios similar to Australian Premium Produce case study. The issue of accessing business information and application by staffs is very sensitive at times to business operations and processes[28]. Australian Premium Produce have only permitted a small number of staffs to access business applications including accounting information systems. With that as a baseline, I tend to offer the following recommendations. I tend to believe information is power. This statement implies that, only relevant information is required to assist a specific staff or a cohort of staff to execute a particular task. Everything else is substantial[29]. Australian Premium Produce only need to allow access of applications to authorized staffs only. This is important to limit the rate at which important and confidential data leak to the outside. Again, it is important for Australian Premium Produce to realize that data vulnerability is very common from the inside of business operations. There is a lot of applications and information that need to be put confidential for a chosen cohort of business staffs. Thus allowing a large portion of staffs to access accounting systems may compromise the entire strategies laid down by the business. Therefore, a recommend a definite authentication to be put in to consideration what it comes to issue of accessing business applications such as accounting systems. Let every staff access the information relevant to his scale and scope of operations. Another recommendation is based on the issue of insider trading. Many cases have been reported where staffs in a given business enterprise use inside information for their personal gains and personal interest. Insider trading is an offence punishable by law[30]. Therefore, to help the staffs from the activities of insider trading, it is important to limit the access of information and application to relevant and authorized users. Let the payroll system remain the mandate of the owner so as to limit cases of financial frauds by other staffs. Management of IT services It is a fact that almost 80% of global business operations cannot work without information technology. Therefore, the owner of the business need to be equipped highly in the area of information technology. The owner need to be updated on any occurrences that Australian Premium Produce undertake. This can be achieved via information technology. The owner can manage IT services by utilizing a number of IT experts so as to fully focus on business operations. The owner can manage this by creating a local area network for his business operations[31]. A local area network will be reflecting all the operations taking place in Australian Premium Produce. From that perspective, the owner will be able to manage IT services from that angle. The aspect of outsourcing cannot be achieved without considering other stakeholders. In this case, the stakeholders are from global level. Thus, the owner need to work closely with international stakeholders before shifting business operation in to cost effe ctive approach. The owner of Australian Premium Produce need a cohort of IT staffs. These staffs include a data clerk, a networker, IT specialist, inventory system controller and database administrator. This cohort of IT staff will be of great importance to Australian Premium Produce. Data clerk been used in data collecting and data cleaning, a networker will be used in maintenance of local area network, IT specialist will oversee the whole IT service, inventory system controller will be used to forecast on inventory needed for particular market while database administrator will safeguard Australian Premium Produce data and confidential information from competitors. The management of these staffs will be based on scope of operation. Each staff will have authentication of his own area of operation without compromising on other staffs area of operations. Advise on service operations for owners business The owner of Australian Premium Produce business enterprise need to understand that his business cannot operate without the impact of other workers in his business. In simple terms, he cannot operate alone in his business. Therefore, there is need to have a management team that will oversee service operations for Australian Premium Produce. These team must comprise of reliable stakeholders who will have business operations at heart[32]. The owner need to reconsider the consumers and customers because they are the main clients of his business. Enquire on things the customers want done right for sustainability of service operations of Australian Premium Produce. These questions can be framed for the owner to realize the importance of his business operations to the market. Are the products offered by Australian Premium Produce satisfy the consumers and customers? Do the staffs enjoy working in Australian Premium Produce? What are the future objectives of Australian Premium Produce? Which mechanisms does Australian Premium Produce aim to apply to achieve competitive advantage in market place? Conclusion The operations of Australian Premium Produce need to focus on the future of the business so as to meet the long term objectives. In that case, the owner need to work closely with all the stakeholders to his business. This would include aspects such as motivation of staffs. When the staffs are motivated in their daily business operations, they are able to set interdepartmental targets to be achieved in a given time frame towards the future. Again, since the business operate as a global enterprise, it is important to work closely with the government so as to eliminate trade barriers in the international markets. The government can offer incentives to the business which will make Australian Premium Produce to have favorable terms of trade and favorable foreign exchange. These aspects will assist Australian Premium Produce to achieve more progress in the future. Bibliography Books Baily, Farmer Crocker. Procurement, Principle Management. Pearson publishers, 2015. Ballantyne. Capacity. Spectra, 2007. Bragg. Accounting for Inventory. Accounting Tools, 2015. Burns, Alvin C., and Ronald F. Bush. Marketing research. Boston, Pearson, 2014. Chopra. Supply Chain Management. Pearson Education, 2012. Christopher. Logistic Supply Chain Management. FT Press, 2016. Cottrel. The study skills handbook. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Dul Halk. Case Study Methodology in Business Research. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008. Ellsworth. Capacity Special Edition. Secret Acres, 2015. Farrington Lyson. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management. Pearson Publishing, 2012. Grummit. Capacity Management. Van Haren Publishing, 2007. Hugos. Essentials of Supply Chain Management. Wiley publishers, 2011. Jeffrey, Sachs. The Age of Sustainability Development. Tantor Audio, 2016. Jeffrey, Sachs. The Age of Sustainable Development. Columbia University Press, 2015. John, Blewitt. Understanding Sustainable Development. Routledge, 2008. Kent, Raymond A. Data construction and data analysis for survey research. Basingstoke, Hampshire, Palgrave, 2001. Klosterboer. ITIL Capacity Management. IBM Press, 2011. Lash, Scott, and John Urry.Economies of Signs Space. London: Sage Publications, 2014. Moore, Ernest. Trauma, Eighth Edition. McGraw-Hill Education/Medical, 2017. Muller. Essential of Inventory Management. AMACOM, 2011. Mulvaney Joliffe. Academic writing: genres, samples, and resources. New York: Pearson Longman, 2005. Myerson. Lean Supply Chain and Logical Management. McGraw-Hill Education, 2012. Owens, William. The Advanced Ventilator Book. First Draught Press, 2017. Piasecki. Inventory Management Explained. OPS publishing, 2009. Richard. Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective. Grin publishing, 2013. Richard. Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective. Grin publishing, 2013. Richard. Warehouse Management. Kogan Page, 2014. Ryan Deci. Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Need in Motivation, development and Wellness. The Guilford Press, 2017. Thomas. Intrinsic Motivation: What Really Drives Employees Engagement. Berret-Koehler publishers, 2009. Trainor Graue. Evaluating rigor in qualitative methodology and research dissemination.Remedial and Special Education. London press, 2014. VanderMey, Randall, et al. The college writer: a guide to thinking, writing, and researching. Stamford, CT, Cengage Learning, 2015. Vincent, Jean-Louis. Textbook of Critical Care, 7e. Elsevier, 2017.

Science is a Boon Or Bane Essay Essay Example

Science is a Boon Or Bane Essay Essay Science is bane for universe. Because scientific discipline and engineering has non merely grabbed us. It has besides grabbed the living animal like animate beings. insects. bees etc. The quiver produced by nomadic phone can besides kill the bees. Some old ages after terminal of honey bee is certain whole human life will besides complete. Animals get jobs in taking breathe due to harmful gases being produced from industries and mills depend on scientific discipline and engineering. So the scientific discipline and engineering has destroyed the whole environment. From all these remarks we can state that although scientific discipline and engineering has great advantage but all are little near its disadvantage. So by seeing its disadvantage we should utilize it merely in necessity. non ever which can easy be done by us. friends I want to state about one thing the scientific discipline is Curse because scientific discipline as developed mobile phones and laptops 80 % people use nomadic for unneeded talk and 70 % peoples is merely watching films means apprehensible usage of laptops. And scientific discipline is cut down the natural twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. The Cyber offense is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours the chief thing is pollution the air pollution is increase twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours it’s all consequence in our new coevals the natural resources is expire twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Science is a Boon Or Bane Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Science is a Boon Or Bane Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Science is a Boon Or Bane Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In approaching clip there is no H2O in Earth and what people take nil so the all coevals and universe be die and who will be responsible for this scientific discipline engineering. The scientific discipline developed different-different beauty store thing like a Fair and lovely people thing if will purchase the just lovely black screen saint so we will use to our tegument after that we look smart but nil happens the Creams decrees the natural and alter the our tegument colour. I have a one Dog and Buffalo both colour is black I watched one advertizement now new carnival and Handsome come in get equity in 7 Dayss. I bought that both after that I had apply to both in our Dog and Buffalo but nil changed and nil Happened so therefore I can state that scientific discipline supplying all bogus things. The ozone bed Depletion twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours and who will be responsible for that scientific discipline Bhopal trai is besides cause of scientific discipline. Now H2O degree is traveling down twenty-four hours be twenty-four hours who will be responsible for is that merely scientific discipline and Atom bomb isbesides developed by scientific discipline so it’s expletive. Science was meant to be a good retainer but has now turned out to be a bad maestro. Science as Curse: 1. Due to assorted scientific innovations. the jungle tracts has been destroyed therefore making injury to the ecological balance. 2. Today though the vehicles have reduced the distance for us. the pollution it causes can non be overlooked. 3. Has lessened the sum of physical exercisings at that place by increasing several complaints and position diseases. 4. Many lost their lives in the escape of Chernobyl Nuclear power works and due to the Methyl Iso cyanate ( MIC ) gas escape in Bhopal a few old ages back. This was due to the so called scientic promotions. This is because of human failure to expect the Disasters. Science as Blessing: One can non repent the fact that scientific discipline has done many good to worlds. 1. One can compare the promotion of the state to that of civilisation. A civilised state is one which has achieved scientific advancement. 2. Fast means of conveyance like airplane. and other vehicles have made the universe a planetary small town. 3. Telephone. Television. orbiter. Internet have made it possible to acquire the latest information. 4. It has given us new medical specialties to contend diseases. 5. It has revolutionized our instruction system. Therefore Science becomes a blessing or a expletive which depends on how we use it. These yearss there is a remedy or atleast a bar for about every diseases. In short we wholly depend upon these things. The cognition of isotopes. the find of radiation. the find of fission. have all led to technological progresss and added to our amenitiess. Science is of import in today’s life. We can non populate without scientific discipline in the modern universe. Science can be called one of the greatest approvals of this. Yet the job is whether scientific discipline is a blessing or curse to society. Science is truth. truth is beauty and beauty is god. Science raisings intelligence but leaves the will and emotions uncared for. It is said that cognition comes but wisdom lingers. Is science truly a curse? It is said that scientific discipline is a good retainer but a bad maestro. As faith is a affair of religion. scientific discipline is a affair of fact. Modern warfare is destructive beyond the wildest dreams of our unscientific predecessors. Machine guns. shells. pigboats. the atom and H bombs can destruct the universe in the blink of an eye of an oculus. Airplanes in war act as engines of mass devastation. Not merely in times of war but in times of peace besides adult male lives in the thick of disease. Though remedies are being invented diseases are multiplying excessively. If the former is in arithmetic patterned advance. the latter is in geometric patterned advance. That is why peace lovers blame scientific discipline as a expletive. the most inburnig is the roar of Reactors instead I would state Nuclear reactors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Lashkar-e-Taibas get to the root of thz†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . Yttrium did temblor is there a immense arg more than 8 pes moving ridges ( Tsunami ) Y is it thr? any ans†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .merely because of us†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ .utilizing the scientific discipline A ; engineering in an disturbing way†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . instead for full filling 1s deed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ planetary heating n assorted other terrorist onslaughts utilizing explosives†¦ . . harming the state n nature also†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ although V have used scientific discipline in better manner like trains Mobiles machines n manymore whicmade our work easierbut at the same clip in many times bigger manner v R utilizing it for destruction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . as one of the individual niticed abt making adult male diff organs utilizing root cells†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . is the best thing but its fetching measureagainst the natre which it wouldnt xcept n the consequence is here earthquakes tsunamis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ taking many live that excessively in 100’s A ; 1000’s†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . Science is boon every bit good as curse. without Science we can’t imagine presents. The highest innovation of human boulder clay now is developing human parts utilizing root cells. If this Research has been succeded means we can make allkind of human parts. And batch of utile things were invented. At earlier phases people thought thy can’t fly. Wright brothers invented flight. Many things which did National Trusts conceive of all achieved through Science. In everything in the life whatever we see that hav twosides. Like that scientific discipline hav some destructing power. vehiles which bring forthing batch of green-effect gases. This ll certainly traveling to destruct our future coevals. Vs need to avoid this sort of things. Science is neither a blessing nor curse. It all depends on how a individual uses the engineering. In the present age it is necessary to turn out ourselves in every facet. For this thing scientific discipline is the major facet of all in turn outing a states development. A state can non develop drastically until and unless if they make usage of scientific discipline. For illustration consider building of a edifice. it takes twosome of old ages or so to build a multistored edifice without the aid of engineering. But one time if we make usage of tools and machines developed by scientific discipline it is no admiration that the edifice can be constructed with in 6 months. But at the same clip due to machines and all adult male is going lazy twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. He could non make his work even by his ain. For every thing he is depending on the machines from rinsing their apparels to cleaning their houses. Once imagine your twenty-four hours without out scientific discipline it will be atrocious. One must non depend on machines for everything. So eventually I would wish to reason that scientific discipline itself is a Godhead ( automaton ) and a destroyer ( dynamite ) . Every thing depends on the individual how he makes the usage of it.

Intelligence Cycle Essay Example

Intelligence Cycle Essay Example Intelligence Cycle Essay Intelligence Cycle Essay INTELLIGENCE CYCLE Name: Institution: Date: Intelligence Cycle The intelligence cycle is the process through which information is collected and disseminated for use by policy makers. Ordinarily, intelligence results from a series of several activities that are interrelated and some times carried out at different levels, adding up to a cycle. The six activities or phases of the intelligence cycle include direction and planning, collection, processing and exploitation, production, dissemination and integration and finally continuous evaluation. The series, however, do not always occur sequentially. Although this is the cycle, it does not always happen as so and neither does it work all the time. It is not a very good description of the ways in which the intelligence process works. Additionally, it ignores two main parts of intelligence work, counterintelligence and covert action[1]. This brings the question of how intelligence cycle should work. One way that the intelligence cycle should work is through allowing the intelligence gaps to drive the intelligence collection. The intelligent managers are usually aware of the intelligent gaps that exist[2]. Therefore, intelligence managers should, â€Å"determine how the information required for the production of intelligence is collected†[3] at the planning stage. Currently, intelligence collection is guided by policy makers. This is an incorrect way of starting the intelligence process. Policy makers often do not know what gap exists within the intelligent database. In simpler terms, policy makers are not aware of what they do not know or rather the gap existing in the intelligence. Therefore, they are in no circumstance to guide the intelligence process. On the other hand, intelligence managers are aware of what intelligence is available and what is not available[4]. Thus, they are aware of the gaps existing from the collectors as well as analysts. Therefore, the intelli gence gaps identified should guide the intelligence process and not the policy makers although they can raise the specific topic of their concern. Another way that the intelligence cycle should work or one would expect it does is ensuring that intelligence collectors and analysts work together towards the same goal. Unfortunately, this is not the case and the two departments work independent from each other[5]. This happens because of various concerns about intelligent information such as security concerns, sources that are compromising and other issues that prevent the two departments from sharing information freely. Considering that intelligent collectors are deployed at the field gathering data while analysts analyze the data to make better judgments, feedback is required in order to know what information is valuable and what needs to be collected. This presents a major problem that needs to be changed to allow information sharing between the intelligence analysis and intelligent collection. After the analysis of information from the intelligence analysts, the analysis or intelligence is passed to policy makers who use such information for making decisions concerning the issues at hand. In many cases, the Directors of National Intelligence are kept out of deliberations concerning policy matters. It is crucial to note that none of the policy makers could understand the intelligence better than the Directors of National Intelligence. â€Å"It is the DNI, responsible for and knowledgeable of the intelligence judgments on major issues†¦[6]† Therefore, DNI should be included in the policy making as advisors since they have a better understanding of the intelligence used to make such policies. Additionally, the DNI should be working with other departments that are responsible for developing security programs in order to make full use of the intelligence gathered as well as get a better feedback about success of intelligence gathered[7]. As discussed, intelligence is quite important to policy makers for making decisions concerning national matters. However, the current intelligence cycle is not working as it is explained in reality. One of the ways it should work is ensuring that the first stage is not driven by policy makers who only have an idea about intelligence gaps. Rather, it should be driven by intelligence gaps as identified by the intelligence managers who are aware of the gaps. Secondly, intelligence collection and analysis should work in a parallel way where both share information as opposed to working in sequential as well as independently from each other. Finally, DNIs should be included in the process of policymaking since they have a better understanding of the intelligence and can help in achieving full benefit of the intelligence to the country by advising policymakers. Bibliography Blair C. Dennis. â€Å"Ten Years after 9/11: Is Intelligence Reform Working? Part II.† U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. May 19, 2011. Hulnick S. Arthur. â€Å"What’s Wrong With the Intelligence Cycle?† Praeger Security International. 2013. http://psi.praeger.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/doc.aspx Keithly M. David. â€Å"Intelligence Fundamentals.† Homeland Security and Intelligence. June 15, 2013. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10399189?ppg=54 [1] Arthur S. Hulnick, â€Å"What’s Wrong With the Intelligence Cycle?† Praeger Security International, 2013, http://psi.praeger.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/doc.aspx

How to Identify Trees With Leaves

How to Identify Trees With Leaves Would you like to learn how to identify trees in your local community? The best place to get started is by looking at the trees foliage.   Trees With Leaves This is a big category, so lets break it down into two main groups: Trees with needles or scale-like leaves.  Cedar and juniper trees have scale-like leaves that look more like flattened out fans than either leaves or needles.  Cedar  trees have green scales and small cones.  Junipers, on the other hand, have bluish, berry-like cones. Trees with leaves.  To make things simpler, we are once again going to break this category into two groups. Trees With Simple Leaves These trees have one leaf attached to each stem. Leaves with a consistent leaf edge are called unlobed leaves while trees with leaves that form shapes along their margins are called lobed leaves.  If your tree has unlobed leaves, you must next determine whether or not it has teeth - or serrations around its margin. Unlobed and smooth (no teeth).  Magnolia  have large, glossy green leaves with rust-colored hairs on the under-surface.  Live oaks  have long slender deciduous leaves and small acorns.  Dogwoods  have wavy edges and 6-7 veins that pattern either side of the leafs midrib. If your tree has leaves that are oblong or elliptical and appear crowded on short branches, it might be a  Blackgum.  And if its leaves are thick and pointed, it might be a  Persimmon.Unlobed and serrated.  Willow  trees have long skinny leaves.  Basswood  trees have wide leaves with coarse teeth and a notched area around the stem.  Elm  trees are asymmetrical at the stem and double serrations around the edge. If your trees leaves are soft and shiny with teeth that curve in from the surface, it is probably a  Beech.  If its leaves are heart-shaped with double serrations, it is likely a  Birch. And if it has elliptical leaves with jagged edges, it is probably a  Cherry.  Ã‚  Lob ed. If your tree had leaves with different lobe patterns on the same tree, it is probably a  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Sassafrass  or a  Mulberry.  If the lobes seem to radiate from a central point like fingers on a hand, it is called palmate and it is a maple, sweetgum, sycamore, or poplar.  Maple  trees have three to four lobes and are arranged opposite of one another on the branch.  Sycamore  trees have big leaves that are larger than four inches with shallow lobes and alternating (not directly across from one another,) on the branch. Trees with star-shaped leaves with pointed lobes are likely  Sweetgums.  And leaves that look like they have been cut off or flattened at the top with two lobes on other side of the mid-rib are probably  Poplars. If the lobes appear to radiate from several points along the midrib, the leaves are considered pinnate and it is either an oak or a holly tree.  White Oak  trees have lobes that are rounded along the edges and no spines.  Red Oakà ‚  leaves are rounded at the base but jagged or spiny along the edges. And  Holly  trees have small red berries and leaves with sharp, pointed lobes. Trees With Compound Leaves Palmately compound leaves. Trees in this category have multiple leaves that appear to grow from the same point on the stalk.  Buckeye  trees have long leaves with jagged saw-toothed edges while Horsechestnut  trees have shiny nuts and seven leaflets that turn yellow in the fall.Pinnately compound leaves. Trees with that have pinnate compound leaves have leaflets that grow from multiple points along the stem. Leaves that appear doubly compound (leaflets within leaflets,) are likely  Locust  trees.  Hickory  trees have nine blades that are uneven in size and alternate along the stem.  Ash  trees have leaflets that are opposite from one another along the stem and are the same shape and size. Walnut  trees have 9-21 pointed leaflets that alternate along the stem.  And  Pecan trees have 11-17 curved, sickle-shaped leaflets that alternate along the stem.

Management Information system (journal) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Management Information system (journal) - Essay Example Infra-structure became the foundation for serving customers, working with suppliers and managing internal business processes System Design Development and Architecture, on the other hand, considered the relevant and crucial interplay of hardware, software, people or human resources, culture and processes to ensure effective implementation towards the achievement of organizational goals. Through designing appropriate strategies that incorporate details on systems design and architecture, organizations are able to tap internal resources and develop core competencies, as required. One learned from the module that the basic process of systems development involves defining the project, creating a model of the current system, deriving a model for the new system, measuring the costs and benefits of all alternatives, selecting the best option, designing the new system, completing the specific programming functions, installing and testing the new system, and completing a post-implementation audit (Laudon and Laudon: Chapter 8). By recognizing the crucial details that go into systems design, business and IT practit ioners could apply concepts learned in real life contemporary

Discuss the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and Essay

Discuss the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation and economic development - Essay Example As technological change permeates our lives, it is essential for each individual to understand the forces underlying and unleashed by technological change in order to become better decision makers, managers, policy analysts, and researchers. Relationship between Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Development As Braunerhjelm points out, economists have undoubtedly made considerable advances during the last decades in understanding the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation, and growth, and have brought in more profound insights on how entrepreneurship, innovation, and growth are interrelated. According to him, the relationship between entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic development can be identified from its most immediate foundation in simple perception, common sense, and a clear economic observation that performance to convert proposals into economic opportunities lies at the very core of entrepreneurship (2). Entrepreneurship can be stated as the foundation of innovation and revolution, and as such stimulates the development in efficiency and profitable competitiveness. Knowledge and flexibility are the two significant factors that are closely linked with entrepreneurship and have been noticed for their importance as measures for achieving competitiveness in this rapidly developing globalised economy. In the same way, development and growth of upcoming entrepreneurship brings chances for a country’s development within an intensified global competition due to the phenomena like globalisation and liberalisation, and modern technological innovations. According to Pirich et al, most economic, psychological and sociological research focus on the fact that entrepreneurship is a process, and not just a stagnant phenomenon and it is more than just a mechanical economic factor. Moreover, entrepreneurship is associated with choice-related issues and has a wide range of functional roles which involves coordination, innovation, uncertainty bearing, decision making resource allocation, capital supply, and ownership (14). Schumpeter holds the view that innovative entrepreneurs are the vehicles that can move the economy into development from a stagnant equilibrium, depending on the blending abilities of entrepreneurial individuals. In his opinion, â€Å"whatever the type, everyone is an entrepreneur only when he actually carries out new combinations and loses that character as soon as he has built up his business, when he settles down to running it as other people run their business† (Schumpeter, 78). Likewise, there has been a great deal of attention focused on studying various models of innovation throughout the recent decades to identify the significance of innovation with various institutions. The Economist (1999) (as cited in Pirich, et al) reports that innovation has turned out to be the industrial religion of the late 20th century, where business considers it to be the key to increase profits and market sh are and Governments generally select it while trying to fix the economy; moreover, the rhetoric of innovation has substituted the post-war language of welfare economics (15). The entrepreneur takes the place of the most essential agent in almost all of the production, distribution, and growth theories. Entrepreneurship is the driving force of economic growth and this concept suits best with the long waves theory of Joseph Schumpeter. According to Schumpeter,

Literary Analysis of the poem Beowulf Essay Example for Free

Literary Analysis of the poem Beowulf Essay Beowulf is considered as one of the longest poems in literature with more than 3,000 lines. It is has no known author, but it was considered as the national epic of England. Beowulf is a man a hero who faced three major battles in the poem. These battles were not against other humans, but were against monstrous creatures (The Norton Anthology of English Literature). It is a poem that deals with legends, of hero and his men, and his great battles. It is composed mainly to entertain, a work of fiction with several relations to historical context. And with this, some speculations were raised, saying that Beowulf was something more that a poetic narrative of the hero, Beowulf. The epic poem was then related to a Christian context, saying that it was a Christian allegory. The poem takes place in the late 5th to 6th century, following the Anglo-Saxon’s settlement in England, after making contact with Germanic tribes in Scandinavia and Germany. Beowulf may be based on real people and real events at that time in Scandinavia. The clans mentioned in the poem were clans which are found in the area, as well as some of the prominent personalities in the story. So basically, the epic poem is a work of fiction but was based on factual characters and events during that time. The time of Beowulf was a time of Paganism, but Beowulf himself addresses a higher being rather than man, wherein he presents himself to the Father Almighty. According to Helterman, â€Å"As the view of the intellectual setting has shifted from a pagan to a Christian context, this ‘something more’ has been seen as a Christian allegory or didacticism†¦yet the tone of the poem and the lack of specific Christian allusions cause difficulties for such an approach (Helterman). The poem didn’t mention anything regarding Christianity, and Beowulf was a pagan. But there were several â€Å"Christian sentiments of a general sort† which were attributed to the hero. Because of the Christian-like characterization of the hero Beowulf, there were several speculations saying that the author was a Christian in England who wrote about Scandinavian history, which then became the epic poem Beowulf. But some said that the Christian attribution in the hero’s character could mean that he was an archetype, the generic, idealized model of a person (Chickering). And at that time, Christianity was a budding religion, wherein Beowulf’s character could have been patterned into that of an ideal Christian. Beowulf as the hero of the epic was made the way he is, the ideal person. But then again, every hero has its counterparts. And just like Beowulf, his counterpart can be seen in a Christian context. The epic poem Beowulf is divided into three major battles. The first one is his battle with the monstrous creature called Grendel, which was the reason why he went to Hrotgar. Just like Beowulf, Grendel also has a Christian context. He is to be the descendant of Cain, the son of Adam and Eve which was banished for killing his own brother. Because of this, Grendel is given an antagonistic comparison with Cain, who was the first person to commit murder in the Christian bible. Grendel, along with his mother, was compared to as the kinsmen of Cain, whereas Beowulf was the pagan hero considered as the archetype of a human being. Beowulf and Grendel were great opposites, as manifestation of the forces of good battling with the forces of evil, or in the context of religion and Christianity, will be righting the wrong. Beowulf’s character is the manifestation of Christianity’s good; wherein his defense of Heorot was an act to â€Å"order the chaotic universe,† where Grendel and his mother on the other hand, were the forces that bring chaos, falling into pattern of disorder (Batchelor). This is manifested by their physical appearance wherein they do not resemble or have any human characteristics. They were monstrous in size and strength. They can kill people with the swipe of their hands, and they even eat people, as to what Grendel did to Hrotgar’s men. Another possible association with religion and Christianity was during the creation of Heorot, the great hall which was built for the people of King Hrotgar (Helterman). The creation of the hall was because of the word of the king. It is the same as that of the Christian’s Genesis, wherein with the word of God, there was light. And it was with that word that He was able to create day and night, and everything that he wished and commanded. Just as with Hrotgar’s word, Heorot was created, all for the sake of the people, since in this hall they dined, ate and sang, until the time that Grendel came into the story. When Grendel came, it was like introducing chaos into order so that you could cleanse it, just like the cleansing of the sins of the people, just like the Great flood, where chaos or the flood was added in order to cleanse the world of the sinners. When Grendel came into Heorot, chaos caused destruction, thus it would require reconstruction, where after reconstruction was the cleansed state. Grendel, even though he caused a great deal of devastation to the people, has served a purpose, which was to strengthen the then destroyed Heorot. His chaos has led to a good outcome in the story. It could also be viewed on another angle, where the battle between Beowulf and Grendel was actually the same as to that of the myth of creation, where light and darkness mixed and â€Å"fought† in order to create the earth and everything in it. Another instance that relates the epic poem Beowulf to Christianity was during the battle against the mother of Grendel. Beowulf was definite on the losing end at that moment, since his sword, Hrunting, lost its powers and cannot harm the creature he is up against with. In his desperation, he was able to locate a sword in the Grendel’s lair, which only he could be able to use. It was a heavy sword of the giant, which he used to behead the mother of Grendel and eventually prolong his life. Even though he was able to slay the monster and keep his life, he gives the credit of his victory to the â€Å"higher being,† the â€Å"Wielder of Men. † It was an indirect association to God in Christianity, since he recognizes His powers and that his victory wasn’t possible without him. Beowulf being a pagan is just a characteristic, since there was no evidence of him knowing about Christianity (Batchelor). But the fact that he addresses to a higher being is a manifestation of being Christian even in his beliefs. The epic poem Beowulf is truly a literary piece that was made to entertain, with the life of Beowulf as a hero, his adventures, his battles, and even his death, makes it a wonderful read. But there are other underlying concerns that could come about while reading the epic. It is undeniable that there are other meanings in what was written, rather than just to entertain. The poem Beowulf is associated with religion, especially Christianity. The main character’s recognition of a higher being is but one of many manifestations of this underlying messages.

Francis Ford Coppola :: essays research papers

Following careful thought on which director to study, I chose Francis Ford Coppola. Although he has directed more films than I have had the opportunity to experience, I have viewed enough to understand his progression and style of his work. Over almost forty years of work, Coppola has directed about twenty-five films, produced near forty-five, composed two, and acted in eight. He is known predominantly for Apocalypse Now (1979) and The Godfather I (1972), II (1974), and III (1990). However, he has worked in other genres, such as Horror/Romance, Musical, and even Comedy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the few of his numerous films that I have seen, Coppola appears to use much of the same aesthetic techniques. Most of his works’ mise-en-scene, with some exceptions, seems to be very basic. When he is filming, Francis Ford Coppola does not put too many unnecessary items into the scene. When using a Wide-angle lens, the frames are very open and spacious. This allows the viewer to focus on what is happening, rather than distract their attention. This technique can also prove useful. For example, if he wanted to make a character seem alone, abandoned, and insignificant, this type of shot would work well. Opposite a number of his films, in Apocalypse Now, it was important to some of the frames full. However, they still were not completed with excess objects, instead they were lavishly filled with the natural, lush greens of the Philippines. Francis Ford Coppola also uses dissolves in his works. In The Cotton Club (1984), this technique was used a couple of t imes, when both dancing and singing was being performed. His editing style proved continuous. It was neither choppy, nor disruptive to the viewer, which allowed for a more pleasant experience.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Francis Ford Coppola uses sound in a rather conventional way, but at times adds a touch of his own creative style. The character that the audience is meant to empathize with may have their own particular motif, displayed through music. In The Conversation (1973), whenever Harry Caul, played by Gene Hackman, was intensely thinking about something, the same piano music would play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His direction of the actors was executed extremely well. He knew exactly what he wanted from them, and did not give up until it was as he had expected. Some of his setbacks in Apocalypse Now support this opinion. He wanted every part to be performed perfectly.

Lab Report: Antibiotic Evaluation by the Kirby-Bauer Method

Lab Report: Antibiotic Evaluation by the Kirby-Bauer Method Introduction Chemical antimicrobial agents are chemical compounds capable of either inhibiting the growth of microorganisms or killing them outright. Those which are taken internally to alleviate the symptoms of or promote healing from disease are called chemotherapeutic drugs, and among these is a class of compounds called antibiotics. In order for a chemotherapeutic drug to be classed as an antibiotic, it must be produced by a microorganism such as bacterium or fungus or at least derived from a chemical produced by one.It must also be capable of killing or inhibiting the growth of other microorganisms and of doing so when taken in very small quantities. To study whether a microbial product qualifies as an effective antibiotic, a standard procedure called the Kirby-Bauer method is employed. This method, which is the procedure recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration, was devised by William Kirby and A. W. Bauer in 1966. In the current protocols involved in the Kirby-Bauer method, Mueller-Hinton standard agar is used as the medium for bacterial culture.The pH of the standard agar is 7. 2 to 7. 4 and it is poured exclusively to a depth of 4 mm. The medium is heavily inoculated with bacteria and paper disks containing enough of the antibiotic under study to create an optical density of 1 (the McFarland standard) are placed on top of the cultures. By examining the results of incubation in the form of a zone of inhibition around each disk after incubation, it can be determined how effective each antibiotic is against any given bacterium. A minimum inhibitory concentration can then be deduced for the given antibiotic vs. he specific bacterium tested so that appropriate dosage may be determined. Resistant bacteria cultures will show a small or no zone of inhibition if their growth is not sufficiently inhibited for the antibiotic to be a viable candidate in treating infection by that organism. Sensi tive cultures, on the other hand, will be appreciably inhibited in their growth or, ideally, eliminated entirely in a relatively large radius around the McFarland standard disk. In this case, the antibiotic under study might be prescribed as a useful counter to illness brought on by that particularly bacterium.In the experiment discussed here, we tested eight antibiotics against four common opportunistic pathogens, namely Streptococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of these, the first two are Gram positive and the latter pair are Gram negative. The eight antibiotics tested were: Ampicillin, a beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits the final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to receptors within the cell wall. The result is a porous cell wall and subsequent lysis carried out by the bacteria's own enzymes.It is effective against many bacteria, both Gram positive and Gram negative, and is particularly used in treating infect ion by E. coli, Salmonella typhosa and Enterococcus faecalis, among others. (DrugBank) This antibiotic is a semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin, which is itself an antibiotic produced by the fungus Penicillium notatum. Bacitracin, a mixture of polypeptides obtained from Bacillus subtilis var Tracy. It inhibits synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in Gram positive bacteria by preventing the function of a molecule that transports components to synthesis sites.Bacitracin has a low threshold of toxicity when taken orally or injected, but it has found application as a topical ointment in the prevention of wound infection by Staphylococci. (DrugBank) Chloramphenicol, a broad spectrum antibiotic that is produced synthetically but which was originally discovered in a Streptomyces bacterium. It can be employed against several types of infection but most notably has found application in combating typhoid fever cholera. This antibiotic inhibits protein synthesis by suppressing the function of the 50S subunit in bacterial ribosomes.Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic but does not kill bacteria. It also has a low toxicity threshold when ingested, and so it is now used almost exclusively to combat life-threatening illness or infection. (DrugBank) Erythromycin, which is produced by a Streptomyces and functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor in much the same way as Chloramphenicol. It is much less toxic than Chloramphenicol and is used to combat such diseases as whooping cough, diptheria, and pelvic inflammation due to syphilis. (DrugBank) Novobiocin, one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics.This class of antibiotics works by binding to the bacterial 16S rRNA and causing the misreading of tRNA. Because of this, the bacteria synthesizes incomplete or toxic polypeptides, resulting in the death of the bacterial cell. Novobiocin can be used to treat infection by Gram negative bacteria and Mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is not effective against anaerobic b acteria, however, and is not often used against Gram positive infections because other antibiotics that are less toxic to the patient are available for this purpose. DrugBank) Moreover, Novobiocin is known to bind to and alter the function of DNA gyrase, effectively stopping proper replication in the bacterial cell and thus bactericidal. Penicillin G, another antibiotic of the beta lactam class. It is used primarily against Gram positive bacteria such as the Streptococci but is also effective against some Gram negatives such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the spirochete Treponema pallidum, which is responsible for syphilis.Penicillin G inhibits synthesis if peptidoglycan by the same mechanism as in Ampicillin. (DrugBank) Polymyxin B, a mixture of polypeptides derived from Bacillus polymyxa. It can be used bactericidally against most Gram negative bacteria and is applied most often against urinary tract, blood, and meningal infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has no effect upon Gr am positive bacteria. It kills bacterial cells by binding to a removing lipids in the cell membrane.Due to this mechanism, however, Polymyxin B also damages eukaryotic cells and thus sometimes proves to be a neuro- and nephrotoxic in humans. (DrugBank) Tetracycline, synthesized from chlortetracycline, a compound produced by a Streptomyces. It works by binding to the bacterial ribosome and interfering with protein synthesis and is effective against a wide range of Gram positive and negative bacteria, including the Mycoplasma and the bacteria responsible for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and nongonococcal urinary tract infections. DrugBank) Material and Methods Cultures:Streptococcus faecalis Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa One person each in a team of four heavily inoculated two Mueller-Hinton agar plates with one of the cultures listed by aseptic transfer from a broth culture using a sterile cotton swab. Each plate was marked off into four segments, a total of eight sectors. One McFarland standard disk containing one of the eight antibiotics tested was placed, using alcohol-flame sterilized forceps, in the center of a sector.After incubating for 18 hours at 37Â °C, the diameters of the clear zones (zones of inhibition) around each McFarland disk was measured with a standard ruler to the nearest millimeter. The measurements obtained were matched against a chart (Claus 407) to determine whether the bacterium was resistant, sensitive, or intermediate in susceptibility to the antibiotic used. The numbers against which these measurements are matched take into account the difference in zone sizes caused by variations in diffusion rates through agar in the antibiotics tested. Results Bacterium: Streptococcus faecalis | |Antibiotic used |Inhibition zone size (mm)|Culture response | |Ampicillin |28 |S | |Bacitracin |20 |S | |Chloramphenicol |22 |S | |Erythromycin |21 |S | |Novobiocin |20 |S | |Penicillin G |20 |S | |Polymyxin B |0 |R | | Tetracycline |24 |S | Bacterium: Staphylococcus aureus | |Antibiotic used |Inhibition zone size (mm)|Culture response | |Ampicillin |48 |S | |Bacitracin |22 |S | |Chloramphenicol |24 |S | |Erythromycin |25 |S | |Novobiocin |39 |S | |Penicillin G |43 |S | |Polymyxin B |0 |R | |Tetracycline |32 |S | Bacterium: Escherichia coli | |Antibiotic used |Inhibition zone size (mm)|Culture response | |Ampicillin |20 |S | |Bacitracin |11 |R | |Chloramphenicol |0 |R | |Erythromycin |25 |S | |Novobiocin |21 |S | |Penicillin G |8 |R | |Polymyxin B |6 |R | |Tetracycline |12 |R | Bacterium: Streptococcus faecalis | |Antibiotic used |Inhibition zone size (mm)|Culture response | |Ampicillin |0 |R | |Bacitracin |0 |R | |Chloramphenicol |21 |S | |Erythromycin |22 |S | |Novobiocin |10 |R | |Penicillin G |0 |R | |Polymyxin B |18 |S | |Tetracycline |25 |S | Discussion S. faecalis was sensitive to all of the antibiotics tested except for Polymyxin B. Since that antibiotic is known to be effective only agai nst Gram negative bacteria, this observation is in keeping with expected results.As a Gram positive, one would expect, as we observed, that it would be sensitive to polypeptide inhibitors, such as Penicillin G and Ampicillin, as well as protein synthesis inhibitors, such as Tetracycline and Erythromycin. Novobiocin, while not often used against Gram positives due to concerns about its toxicity, is known to be effective against Gram positives as well, which is borne out by these observations. Like S. faecalis, S. aureus is a Gram positive, and so would be expected to be sensitive to the same antibiotics and resistant to Polymyxin B. Our observations verify this as well. E. coli is Gram negative, and our observations show it to be sensitive only to Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Novobiocin.It was, however, resistant to Penicillin G, demonstrating that there is some chemical factor which allows one beta lactam antibiotic to inhibit this bacterium (Ampicillin) while another (Penicillin G) do es not. This is likely due to the difference in chemical structure of the two. Penicillin G lacks an amino group, which is present on Ampicillin. It may well be that the presence of a partially-charged amino group on Ampicillin allows it to be uptaken by the bacterium more readily than Penicillin G. (Deacon) More unexpectedly, E. coli was resistant to Chloramphenicol, even though this antibiotic is useful in inhibiting other Gram negative bacteria. It may be that the E. oli strain used in this experiment has developed a resistance to this particular antibiotic. P. aeruginosa also proved to be resistant to Ampicillin, Bacitracin, Novobiocin, and Penicillin G. This suggests that the chemical structure which allows Ampicillin to inhibit E. coli is not effective in the case of this bacterium, which is sensitive to neither of these beta lactams. Bacitracin is only useful against Gram positives as well, so it had no noticeable affect upon P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, this culture was sensitive to Polymyxin B, Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, and Erythromycin, as one would predict for a Gram negative. Its resistance to Novobiocin is due to its having a modified DNA gyrase (Miller 674).It is worth noting in this case that while the bacterium is resistant, Novobiocin does have some effect at a standard concentration, and higher concentrations can be used to kill the organism. Such concentrations, however, would also be toxic to the patient if taken as a chemotherapeutic dosage. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria has been an ongoing phenomenon since shortly after the widespread use of penicillin, the first antibiotic, began. The rate at which this occurs has increased as the availability and employment has increased since then, and it has now become a significant medical problem. The major reason for this is that the use of antibiotics acts as a selective pressure. Those bacteria which carry a mutation on their plasmids that make them able to s urvive treatment give hem access to a niche which non-resistant strains cannot exploit, leading to their proliferation both in infected individuals and ultimately in the environment in general. The use of antibiotics kills not only pathogens, but also normal microflora which might otherwise prevent virulent bacteria from establishing a foothold in the human body. Thanks to the phenomenon of transformation, in which living bacteria can incorporate naked genetic material left over when other cells are lysed for reasons other than antibiotic sensitivity, resistance genes can cross between genera. For example, the Staphylococci can incorporate resistance genes from Bacilli and Streptococci.Added to this are resistance genes that exist as transposons found in the main bacterial genome and which can be transmitted to other members of the same species by temperate phages via the process of transduction. These mechanisms have resulted in the arisal of such things as Vancomycin-resistant str ains of S. aureus, responsible for a usually-lethal nosocomial infection that, ironically, is carried by the very bacteria that Alexander Fleming first observed as being susceptible to penicillin, the original antibiotic. (Deacon) Literature cited Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turck M. 1966. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clin Pathol 45(4):493-6. Deacon, J. The Microbial World: Penicillin and Other Antibiotics. http://helios. bto. ed. ac. k/bto/microbes/penicill. htm. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Edinburgh. August 2003. DrugBank, http://redpoll. pharmacy. ualberta. ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard. cgi? CARD=APRD00320. July 29 2006. DrugBank, http://redpoll. pharmacy. ualberta. ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard. cgi? CARD=APRD00816. txt. July 29, 2006. DrugBank, http://redpoll. pharmacy. ualberta. ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard. cgi? CARD=APRD00862. txt. July 29, 2006. DrugBank, http://redpoll. pharmacy. ualberta. ca/d rugbank/cgi-bin/getCard. cgi? CARD=APRD00953. txt. July 29, 2006. DrugBank, http://redpoll. pharmacy. ualberta. ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard. cgi? CARD=APRD00694. xt. July 29, 2006. DrugBank, http://redpoll. pharmacy. ualberta. ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard. cgi? CARD=APRD00646. txt. July 29, 2006. DrugBank, http://redpoll. pharmacy. ualberta. ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard. cgi? CARD=APRD01190. txt. July 29, 2006. DrugBank, http://redpoll. pharmacy. ualberta. ca/drugbank/cgi-bin/getCard. cgi? CARD=APRD00572. txt. July 29, 2006. Miller RV, Scurlock TR. 1983. DNA gyrase (topoisomerase-II) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 110 (2):694-700. Understanding Microbes: A Laboratory Textbook for Microbiology, by G. William Claus, W. H. Freeman and Co. , New York, 1988.

Sexuality in Advertising – an Occurring Issue

Abramovitz 1 She arches her back, glancing at the camera with a look of ecstasy. Water pours down her body, wearing only soapy suds from the loofah in her hands. While a pink bottle of ‘Herbal Essence’ body wash sensors a mature view of this woman’s body, the tagline on the side reads â€Å"Our new moisture-rich lather turns H2O into H2Ohhhh! † This is a real advertisement Clairol for Herbal Essence body wash, but there countless advertisements like this one that American society is bombarded with on a daily basis. These ads use women’s sexuality to sell both high end and everyday products to consumers. Even though the objectification of women in advertising has become more apparent and worse, it is not a new phenomenon; instead the insecurity of women experience through comparing themselves with idealized women in advertising has been an ongoing problem since the 1920’s. As fashion changed though women's social empowerment so began the sexual objectification of women in advertising. The iconic figure of the Roaring 20’s was the Flapper. In Edsels, Luckiest and Frigidairies: Advertising the American Way, a flapper is defined as â€Å"A women who could vote, work, drink, and smoke†. 327) Women became more empowered to vote and to go into the workforce, and such large social changes brought new fashions. The once suppressed woman changed out of frumpy petticoats and into short beaded dresses. These were reflected in the flapper style and impacted the sale of silk stockings. â€Å"Silk stocking initially had been regarded as a luxury item †¦ few of whom felt any great compulsion to display their social status in such items. But since silk stockings carried status, once they were made more available to middle and lower class women display became almost a necessity †¦. Women would become increasingly self-conscious about their legs†. (Mquade and Wright 327-28) Silk stockings, once a luxury to have, now were used to objectify the legs of women. A woman could not read the newspaper without viewing advertisements speaking to her awful, ugly, nude legs. Unless she Abramovitz 1 went out and bought herself a pair of silk stockings she would not be sexy enough to be seen in public. Women would be pressured to go out and purchase stockings so she could be up to par with her female friends. The beginning of sexual advertisement in silk stockings promoted the idea of one body part being ‘sexy’. As one progresses through the history of American advertising, one will see that the exploitation of different body parts linked with sexual desire as a technique to raise the sales on items. The Roaring 20’s not only brought the flapper and her iconic silk stockings, but the popularity of the Model T. The automotive industry heavily relies on the sexual objectification of women in its advertising, from the 1950’s to today. One popular car of the 1950’s was the Pontiac Star Chief, a convertible with a roomy interior. In a 1957 advertisement for the Pontiac Star Chief shows a woman in the car, captured at an angle where the viewer cannot see the woman below the waist. A man is right outside the car peering in, and the caption on the ad says â€Å"Spread Your Legs! Enjoy maximum leg room in the new Pontiac Star Chief†. While the phrase â€Å"Spread your legs† is meant to talk about the interior of the car, it also refers to the woman as she opens herself for the man’s pleasure. The double entendre links together motors and women. If a man has a faster and better car, he is likely to get a prettier woman. This mentality is still relevant today’s society, even if the design is more refined. In 2006, Audi, a company that designs and sells luxury vehicles, released it’s Designed to thrill advertisements. One particularly is shocking. It’s simplistic; a black background and whites, reminiscent of a blueprint but in the shape of a female breast. On the side in small print the ad reads ‘designed to thrill’ and on the bottom right corner the Audi symbol is present. The tagline, on the surface, is talking about Audi’s internal mechanics and the fact that engineers improved them to go faster and cause a thrill in the driver. Because of how the graphic is shaped, the catch Abramovitz 1 line entertains a new meaning. When ‘Designed to thrill’ is pictured next to the form of a female bosom, it implies that the woman anatomy was made for the men’s sexual pleasure, or â€Å"thrill†. Objectifying the breasts implies that if a man were to obtain the luxury car, he would get women to show themselves and be more promiscuous. The modern objectification of women in advertisements does not just happen in male oriented products, but female ones too. An online ad for Blush lingerie shows a women in a skirt, a dog and the dog's apparent owner; a man dressed in a business suit. The dog is looking up the woman’s skirt and blushes because of it sees. Because this is an ad for lingerie, one can assume that the dog is getting a look at scandalous underwear. The professional pleating of the skirt the woman’s wearing, and her low demure heels, the ad represents the woman as a high end professional in the business world; a person to be taken seriously. The blushing dog takes away her credibility though because if she is allowed to be sexy she cannot be respected and intelligent. Ads like this do not embrace the many sides of women, but force them to choose one or the other, although they may appear to be smart and sexy. Because you can't see her face, just her legs up, it depersonalizes her, dehumanizes her, objectifying her into the sexy, classy, high end lingerie she's wearing. Not only do ads promote the objectification through the type of underwear women wear, but they also promote reckless sexual behavior. Jean Killbourne, who wrote the book Deadly Persuasion, discusses an ad which promotes this behavior. â€Å"’ The only downfall to female guests that stay over for breakfast is they leave with your nicest shirts’, says an ad featuring a man getting dressed. His back is to the young women in his bed, who is covering herself up as if embarrassed. People in ads like this aren’t lovers, they are users being used. † Advertisements like these promote a culture of commodity; people objectify their friends to what they have to Abramovitz 1 offer sexually, and the aftermath of feelings that naturally come after a sexual connection are thrown in the trash and replaced by a diminished feeling of self worth. When advertisements promote cultures of reckless sex, they pressure people to shallowly judge others by their appearance and how â€Å"sexy† they are rather than their moral character. The objectification of women in advertising is not new. It has been an issue in our society since the 1920’s when print commercial advertisement began to boom. Women today continue to compare themselves with idealized women in advertising and the creates a lasting harm on their self-conscious. Carol Shepard, said â€Å"The objectification of women in advertising campaigns psychological ramifications. It socializes women to think of themselves in the manner in which they are depicted, and causes them to engage in self objectification. †¦ [This] creates anxieties relating to their weight, appearance, body satisfaction, and also creates a negative mood. (qtd Harper & Tiggermann, 2008). Thus, their body image causes them to suffer emotionally and psychologically. Perhaps, by buying the advertised items, the viewing audience of women believes that they will instantly become taller, thinner, younger and prettier†. (Shepard, 5) As the objectification of women in advertising is not a new phenomenon, neither are the mental issues that women deal with because of it. Little girls will always wonder why they look at the pretty models in their mother’s magazines and then glance in the mirror only to wonder why they aren’t as pretty. Although the days of silk stockings and red convertibles are long gone, the advertisements and slogans that destroyed our women continue today.